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Methods for determination of tumor markers in the blood plasma and their clinical significance in diagnosing
Toman, Karel ; Márová, Ivana (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
The thesis discusses the methods of determination of tumor markers and their clinical importance in medical diagnostics. The theoretical part describes clinically important tumor markers and also the chemiluminescent immunoassay methods used for their determination. The practical part of the thesis describes the introduction of new chemiluminescent methods for the determination of tumor markers in routine operation, evaluates its basic analytical parameters and compares it with the existing immunoturbidimetric method. The practical part also presents results of monitoring of cancer patients with various tumors, which is performed by evaluation of the values of tumor markers. Comparison of our method with other methods within the context of System of external quality control is also documented.
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Clinico-pathological characteristics of mucin-producing colorectal carcinoma
Sojka, Ladislav ; Levý, Miroslav (advisor) ; Boublíková, Ludmila (referee) ; Klos, Dušan (referee)
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide with persistently high mortality. As a consequence, high demands are placed on research into this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of colorectal carcinoma in the Czech Republic in comparison with worldwide data. We focused on the evaluation of the latest findings in screening and diagnosis, investigated prognostic factors, and also focused on the therapeutic options of CRC. Furthermore, mucin-producing carcinomas are described in detail and mucin itself was confirmed as a risk factor for the prognosis of CRC patients. The experimental part of the study focused on gene mucin MUC13 and the MUC13 - miR-4647 axis, which is associated with adverse prognosis in CRC patients. Samples of CRC and samples of adjacent non-malignant mucosa tissue were used. The samples were collected from patients who underwent surgery at the General University Hospital in Prague, at the Thomayer University Hospital in Prague and at the University Hospital in Pilsen (Czech Republic). The collection of samples took place between 2011 and 2015. The total of 187 samples were collected from patients with sporadic colorectal cancer. The subjects of the study all provided information on their lifestyle habits, body mass index...
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Insulin like and other growth factors and tumors
Kučera, Radek ; Topolčan, Ondřej (advisor) ; Klimeš, Jiří (referee) ; Šafarčík, Kristian (referee)
Inzulinu podobné a jiné růstové faktory a nádory Insulin like and other growth factors and tumors Disertační práce Plzeň 2011 Mgr. Radek Kučera Summary The interaction between growth factors and cancer incidence and development has been discussed recently. First works suggesting possible connection between increased production of insulin like growth factors with an increased incidence of tumors came already from early 80s of the last century. The aim of my work was focused on evaluation of possible relation between insulin like growth factors or their binding proteins and tumors from different perspectives, to assess their significance and try to determine what role the IGFs and IGFBPs may play in the current tumor diagnostics. The work itself is divided into two parts, the theoretical and practical ones. In the theoretical part, I summarized the action of IGF in human body and also focused on previous findings on the role of IGF system in cancer diagnoses. In the practical part, divided into three subsections, I focused on investigation of relations in a large set of patients with different cancer diagnoses, in a group of women with breast cancer and, finally, I focused on changes of IGF1 levels during follow-up. Theoretical part Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) are peptides, that participate on growth...
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Monitoring of thyroid function parameters with regard to the diagnosis of hypothyroidism in middle age
Bahenská, Lucie ; Dršata, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Mészárosová, Natálie (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Lucie Bahenská Supervisor: doc. MUDr. Bohuslav Matouš, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Monitor the parameters of thyroid function with regard to a diagnosis of hypothyroidism in middle aged There was proved an occurence of the thyroid disorders with regard to hypothyreosis in humans in the middle age in the file of 15 412 patients (5753 men, 9659 women). Simultaneously there was calculated an occurence of these disorders in the rate on men vs women. There was a file of all patients examined in VFN during the year 2012 including all patients treating at the department of endocrinology. No significant higher occurence of thyroid disorders at women was found. In the examined file there were 474 TSH analysis indicated by a practitioners like a steering control. There wasn't confirmed a higher incidence of an occurence of the thyroid disorders at women. In the file indicated by practitioners there was changed the value of TSH at 7,2% women and 9,9% men. The reason can be caused by examination the men in the risk group in comparison to women, who are examined without risk factors. There was checked the connection between hypothyreosis and diabetes mellitus and no significant higher occurence...
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Preparation and characterization of antipeptide antibodies for immunodetection of cytochromes P450
Mácová, Iva ; Hodek, Petr (advisor) ; Koblas, Tomáš (referee)
The cytochromes P450 are enzymes participating in metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds. Their substrates include also carcinogens which may initiate carcinogenesis after activation by CYP450. Inductors of these enzymes are also chemopreventive compounds which are very popular and recommended in current time. Thus, studying of the effect of the chemopreventive compounds on cytochromes P450 induction and cancer development is of a high clinical importance. The CYPs are most commonly found in the liver. However, there are forms that have not been detected in any human healthy tissue but their overexpression was observed in tumors. For this reason, they could serve for diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Among these cytochromes are CYP2S1 and 2W1 which can be prognostic markers of colorectal cancer. Therefore, it would be opportune to have some tools for these enzyme detection. One option is immunodetection of cytochromes P450 by Western blot using the specific antibodies. Today mammalian antibodies (IgG) are the most widely used but antibodies isolated from egg yolk (IgY) become popular mainly due to the large number of undisputed advantages. For the preparation of the peptide immunogen, suitable peptide sequences were selected from CYP2S1 and 2W1 primary structure. The synthesized peptides...
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Interpretation of Common Used Tumor Markers Affectedy by Systemic and Inflammatory Diseases
Čásová, Miroslava ; Topolčan, Ondřej (advisor) ; Ludvíková, Marie (referee) ; Šafarčík, Kristian (referee)
Interpretation of Common Used Tumor Markers Affected by Systemic and Inflammatory Diseases Introduction: An examination of tumor markers is often made as a basis for the successful diagnosis and follow-up treatment of patients with malignant tumors. However, are tumor markers truly significant by themselves, or are they just a baseline quantitative expression of value that we use to diagnose a patient as better or worse based on it increasing or decreasing value? Objective: This paper attempts to answer the question of what factors can affect serum protein and mucin markers and thus lead to a misinterpretation of their results. Methods: Tumor markers were determined by isotopic and non-isotopic laboratory analysis methods, using operational protocols of the immunoanalytic laboratory. All methods were checked using internal quality control, and four times a year using an external quality control. Additionally, 16 236 samples were analysed using 3180 probands during the period 2008-2014. Results: We discovered that in premenopausal women, the markers AFP, CA 125 and HE 4 rise during ovulation peak periods while other markers changed minimally or not at all. However, in postmenopausal women, we proved the incidence of a false positivity marker. With women in the 1st and 2nd trimester of pregnancy, the...
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Utilisation of New Biomarkers for the Optimalization of Diagnostics and Therapy of Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Šafanda, Martin ; Kučera, Radek (advisor) ; Fínek, Jindřich (referee) ; Svobodová, Šárka (referee)
Utilisation of New Biomarkers for the Optimalization of Diagnostics and Therapy of Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract Introduction: Tumor markers are standard diagnostic tools. They are mainly used to monitor the course of the disease and to check the efficacy of the treatment. It is important to observe dynamics. Changing the level of the biomarker can prevent clinical manifestation and lead to early diagnosis of relapse, which in turn means improving the quality of life, including prolonging survival. Recently, we have encountered a number of diagnostic algorithms that suggest algorithms for estimating the risk of tumor presence or the risk of progression of cancer, using statistical methods. Objectives: The aim of this work is to verify new biomarkers for the diagnosis of gastric cancer and to develop an optimal algorithm for their use. Further, to evaluate the importance of cytokeratin markers - Tissue Polypeptide Antigen (TPA) and Tissue Polypeptide Specific Antigen (TPS) for the diagnosis of metastatic colorectal carcinoma in the liver. To carry out a pilot study of FGF23 levels in people with colorectal carcinoma and other gastrointestinal tumors. Methods and patients: Patient samples were analyzed using immunoradiometric, chemiluminescence and fluorescence assays. For each solved problem,...
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Insulin like and other growth factors and tumors
Kučera, Radek ; Topolčan, Ondřej (advisor) ; Klimeš, Jiří (referee) ; Šafarčík, Kristián (referee)
Inzulinu podobné a jiné růstové faktory a nádory Insulin like and other growth factors and tumors Disertační práce Plzeň 2011 Mgr. Radek Kučera Summary The interaction between growth factors and cancer incidence and development has been discussed recently. First works suggesting possible connection between increased production of insulin like growth factors with an increased incidence of tumors came already from early 80s of the last century. The aim of my work was focused on evaluation of possible relation between insulin like growth factors or their binding proteins and tumors from different perspectives, to assess their significance and try to determine what role the IGFs and IGFBPs may play in the current tumor diagnostics. The work itself is divided into two parts, the theoretical and practical ones. In the theoretical part, I summarized the action of IGF in human body and also focused on previous findings on the role of IGF system in cancer diagnoses. In the practical part, divided into three subsections, I focused on investigation of relations in a large set of patients with different cancer diagnoses, in a group of women with breast cancer and, finally, I focused on changes of IGF1 levels during follow-up. Theoretical part Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) are peptides, that participate on growth...
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Utilisation of New Biomarkers for the Optimalization of Diagnostics and Therapy of Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Šafanda, Martin ; Kučera, Radek (advisor) ; Fínek, Jindřich (referee) ; Svobodová, Šárka (referee)
Utilisation of New Biomarkers for the Optimalization of Diagnostics and Therapy of Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract Introduction: Tumor markers are standard diagnostic tools. They are mainly used to monitor the course of the disease and to check the efficacy of the treatment. It is important to observe dynamics. Changing the level of the biomarker can prevent clinical manifestation and lead to early diagnosis of relapse, which in turn means improving the quality of life, including prolonging survival. Recently, we have encountered a number of diagnostic algorithms that suggest algorithms for estimating the risk of tumor presence or the risk of progression of cancer, using statistical methods. Objectives: The aim of this work is to verify new biomarkers for the diagnosis of gastric cancer and to develop an optimal algorithm for their use. Further, to evaluate the importance of cytokeratin markers - Tissue Polypeptide Antigen (TPA) and Tissue Polypeptide Specific Antigen (TPS) for the diagnosis of metastatic colorectal carcinoma in the liver. To carry out a pilot study of FGF23 levels in people with colorectal carcinoma and other gastrointestinal tumors. Methods and patients: Patient samples were analyzed using immunoradiometric, chemiluminescence and fluorescence assays. For each solved problem,...
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Insulin like and other growth factors and tumors
Kučera, Radek ; Topolčan, Ondřej (advisor) ; Klimeš, Jiří (referee) ; Šafarčík, Kristian (referee)
Inzulinu podobné a jiné růstové faktory a nádory Insulin like and other growth factors and tumors Disertační práce Plzeň 2011 Mgr. Radek Kučera Summary The interaction between growth factors and cancer incidence and development has been discussed recently. First works suggesting possible connection between increased production of insulin like growth factors with an increased incidence of tumors came already from early 80s of the last century. The aim of my work was focused on evaluation of possible relation between insulin like growth factors or their binding proteins and tumors from different perspectives, to assess their significance and try to determine what role the IGFs and IGFBPs may play in the current tumor diagnostics. The work itself is divided into two parts, the theoretical and practical ones. In the theoretical part, I summarized the action of IGF in human body and also focused on previous findings on the role of IGF system in cancer diagnoses. In the practical part, divided into three subsections, I focused on investigation of relations in a large set of patients with different cancer diagnoses, in a group of women with breast cancer and, finally, I focused on changes of IGF1 levels during follow-up. Theoretical part Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) are peptides, that participate on growth...
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